Green shallow layer thermal energy reading and answers
① You may have heard of "shallow layer thermal energy" (简称浅层热能) —— it refers to the heat energy stored in layers beneath the earth's surface, which includes rocks, groundwater, and subsurface water. The temperature is generally below 25°C. The main sources of this thermal energy are solar radiation and some heat generated deep within the earth.
② Earth has a vast amount of thermal resources, making it a significant "thermal reservoir." Its total stored thermal energy is approximately equivalent to that of all the煤炭 in the world, multiplied by 1.7 billion. However, shallow layer thermal energy accounts for about 45 million times of global energy consumption and is an essential part of natural energy reserves. According to experts, within depths of hundreds of meters below the surface, soil can generate shallow layer thermal energy at levels equal to today's electric generators' full capacity and supply around 2 billion kilowatts.
③ Shallow layer thermal energy is not only clean but also environmentally friendly. This resource is abundant and can be used anywhere, allowing for local heating and cooling, such as in buildings or wells, while minimizing the impact on the environment by transferring heat without emitting harmful gases or substances into the atmosphere.
④ Shallow layer thermal energy has numerous advantages. Its utilization trend is becoming more apparent as society progresses. The key question is: how do we effectively utilize this kind of low-energy resource? Scientists have used a principle called "heat pump" (similar to the idea behind "water pump") for this purpose.
⑤ Shallow layer thermal energy has historically been overlooked, but with Earth's increasing energy consumption, this resource is becoming increasingly important. 1．浅层热能的特点有哪些？（3分） 答案：① shallow layer thermal energy has vast thermal resources;② it can be used at a low cost to extract large amounts of energy;③ it is both environmentally friendly and clean;④ it can be reaped in near real-time, making it suitable for immediate applications like heating or cooling buildings. 2．以下哪一项不符合文意？（3分） 答案：D A． shallow layer thermal energy mainly comes from solar radiation; B． deep inside the Earth, the total thermal energy is about 1.7 billion times that of all煤炭 in the world; C． we experience a temperature difference between the ground and our homes on average; D． heat pumps work by transferring heat rather than electricity to generate more energy per unit input.
3．文中第④段介绍"热泵"时为什么要从"水泵"说起？（2分）
答案：以人们熟悉的事物通俗易懂地说明"热泵"的工作原理。
